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The rock dove〔(ENGLISH NAME UPDATES - IOC Version 2.9 (July 10, 2011) ), IOC World Bird List〕 (''Columba livia'') or rock pigeon is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, this bird is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The species includes the domestic pigeon (including the fancy pigeon), and escaped domestic pigeons have given rise to feral populations around the world. Wild rock doves are pale grey with two black bars on each wing, while domestic and feral pigeons are very variable in colour and pattern. There are few visible differences between males and females.〔 The species is generally monogamous, with two squabs (young) per brood. Both parents care for the young for a time. Habitats include various open and semi-open environments. Cliffs and rock ledges are used for roosting and breeding in the wild. Originally found wild in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia, feral pigeons have become established in cities around the world. The species is abundant, with an estimated population of 17 to 28 million feral and wild birds in Europe.〔 == Taxonomy and naming == The rock dove was first described by Gmelin in 1789.〔In J.F. Gmelin's edition of Linné's ''Systema Naturae'' appeared in Leipzig, 1788-93.〕 The genus name ''Columba'' is the Latin word meaning "pigeon, dove",〔James A. Jobling. ''Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names''. Bloomsbury Publishing p. 114 ISBN 1408125013〕 whose older etymology comes from the Ancient Greek κόλυμβος (''kolumbos''), "a diver", from ''κολυμβάω'' (kolumbao), "dive, plunge headlong, swim". Aristophanes (Birds, 304) and others use the word κολυμβίς (''kolumbis''), "diver", for the name of the bird, because of its swimming motion in the air. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ''livor'', "bluish". Its closest relative in the ''Columba'' genus is the hill pigeon, followed by the other rock pigeons: the snow, speckled and white-collared pigeons.〔 The species is also known as the rock pigeon or blue rock dove, the former being the official name from 2004 to 2011, at which point the IOC changed their official listing to its original British name of rock dove (styled as ''Rock Dove'').〔 In common usage, this bird is still often simply referred to as the "pigeon". Pigeon chicks are called ''squabs''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rock dove」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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